Aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) accounts for ?60% of NHL in children/adolescents. In newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, short intensive multiagent chemotherapy is associated with a five-year event-free survival of around 90%. Very few children/adolescents with aggressive B-NHL show a relapsed/refractory (r/r) disease. The outcome is poor, with cure rates less then 30%, and there is no standard of care. Rituximab-containing salvage regimens may provide a complete/partial response in 60-70% of cases. However, long-term survival is less then 10% for non-transplanted patients. Autologous or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant is, nowadays, the best option for responding patients, with survival rates around 50%. The benefit of autologous versus allogeneic HSCT is not clear. Numerous novel therapies for r/r B-NHL are currently being tested in adults, including next-generation monoclonal antibodies, novel cellular therapy strategies and therapies directed against new targets. Some are under investigation also in children/adolescents, with promising preliminary results. © 2020 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES The Y chromosome has highly informative markers, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that are useful for making historical inferences about the settlement of the Americas. However, the scarcity of these markers has limited their use. This study aims to identify new SNPs and increase the phylogenetic resolution of haplogroup Q for the Americas, mainly focusing on the lineages of the Amazon region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed on two Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup Q-M3 using samples with divergent short tandem repeat haplotypes from the Colombian Amazon, and 14 of the new variants identified were selected for characterization in 207 samples of indigenous Colombians belonging to haplogroup Q-M3. RESULTS This methodology allowed us to establish nine new lineages within Q-M3, including its paragroups. The most basal lineages were predominant in communities of Andean origin, such as the Embera-Katio, the Nasas, and the Pastos. In contrast, the most distal lineages were restricted to inhabitants of the Amazon region of Vaupés. DISCUSSION The SNPs reported here advance the development of subhaplogroups of Q-M3 with a higher level of phylogenetic resolution than has been previously reported, which allowed the differentiation between populations that inhabit two regions of Vaupes area the Pirá-Paraná region and the upper and middle sections of the Vaupés River, and the region encompassing the Papurí River and the lower Vaupés. They are very useful for the microevolutionary analysis of the Amerindian populations of Colombia and of the Americas. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous angiosarcoma (CA) is a rare but aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence. This study was designed to analyze the clinicopathological features of primary CA and identify factors of cutaneous manifestations associated with the prognosis of angiosarcoma. METHODS Medical records of 55 patients with primary CA were retrospectively analyzed to investigate clinical features, survivals, and prognostic factors. Anatomical location of tumor was classified to the scalp, face, and neck, and sites outside the head and neck. RESULTS Primary CA presented cutaneous nodules (31/55, 47.2%), patches (13/55, 23.6%), and indurated plaques (11/55, 20.0%). Nodular lesion was significantly more common in CA on the scalp compared to CA on sites outside the scalp. Histologically, tumors presenting as nodular lesions on the scalp was predominantly composed of solid sheets of large pleomorphic cells, whereas non-nodular lesions composed of tumor cells between collagen bundles forming irregular vascular spaces. Cutaneous angiosarcoma on the scalp showed a worse prognosis compared to CA on sites outside the scalp. Patients presenting clinical morphology with nodules and multiple skin lesions showed significantly reduced overall survival (OS). CONCLUSION In primary CA, location on the scalp, morphology with nodules, and multiplicity of skin lesions significantly affected survival outcomes. © 2020 The International Society of Dermatology.OBJECTIVES Screen and identify the anti-pseudo-allergic activity components of Perilla frutescens leaves that interacted with MRGPRX2 (a new reported pseudo-allergic reaction-related receptor). METHODS An overexpressed MRGPRX2 cell membrane chromatography (CMC) coupled with HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF system has been established to screen and identify the effective components from P.&nbsp;frutescens leaves. A frontal analysis method was performed to investigate the binding affinity between ligands and MRGPRX2. Their activity of relieving pseudo-allergic reaction was evaluated in vitro by histamine release assay, β-hexosaminidase release assay and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sardomozide-dihydrochloride.html KEY FINDINGS Extract of P.&nbsp;frutescens leaves was proved to be effective in anti-pseudo-allergic reaction by inhibiting MRGPRX2. Apigenin (API) and rosmarinic acid (ROS) were confirmed to be the potential anti-allergy compounds that could bind with MRGPRX2. The binding affinity (KD ) of ROS and API with MRGPRX2 was (8.79&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.13)&nbsp;×&nbsp;10-8 &nbsp;m and (6.54&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.69)&nbsp;×&nbsp;10-8 &nbsp;m, respectively. The IC50 of API inhibiting laboratory of allergic disease 2 cells degranulation was also determined to be (51.96&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.18)&nbsp;μm. CONCLUSIONS A MRGPRX2/CMC coupled with HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF system was successfully established and applied to discover the effective components from P.&nbsp;frutescens leaves. © 2020 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.OBJECTIVES Using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentin segments, we reconstruct breastfeeding, weaning, and childhood dietary patterns of Eastern Zhou period (771-221 BC) individuals from the Central Plains of China. Previous isotopic research on the Eastern Zhou demonstrated dietary difference between male and female diets in adulthood via bone collagen analysis. To understand the development of gendered dietary patterns we must examine the early life period. We aim to identify the timing of the weaning process, whether childhood diets were the same as adulthood diets, and if there were differences between the diets of boys and girls during childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present incremental dentin and bone collagen δ13 C and δ15 N isotope data from 23 individuals from two Eastern Zhou archaeological sites (Xiyasi and Changxinyuan ). RESULTS Weaning was completed between ages 2.5 and 4?years. Females were weaned slightly earlier than males. Early childhood diets show significant incorporation of C3 foods, such as wheat and soybean, for almost all children, while later adulthood diets indicate greater incorporation of C4 foods (millets), particularly for males.